What can cause water to carry over into the steam distribution system?

Water carryover into the steam distribution system typically occurs when there is a high water level in the steam drum. When the water level is too elevated, it may lead to a situation where bubbles of steam form at the water surface. These bubbles can break and form tiny droplets of water that get carried along with the steam as it exits the drum. This phenomenon is exacerbated if there is a sudden demand for steam, causing the water to be disturbed and facilitating the carryover.

Maintaining the appropriate water level in the steam drum is crucial for efficient boiler operation. If the water level is within the recommended parameters, it can help ensure that only steam, and not water, passes into the steam distribution system. Consequently, managing the drum's water levels effectively prevents unwanted water from entering the steam lines, which can lead to operational issues and damage in the distribution system, such as water hammer or inefficient heating.

Other factors listed, such as low water level or power outages, do not directly lead to water carryover in the same manner. Low water levels may cause inadequate steam production or operational failures, while a power outage affects the boiler's ability to maintain pressure and safety controls rather than directly influencing water carryover.