What causes water hammer in steam lines?

Water hammer in steam lines occurs primarily due to the presence of condensate in the line. When steam travels through the piping system, it should ideally remain in a gaseous state. However, if condensate accumulates, it can create pockets of water within the steam line.

When the steam pressure forces these pockets of condensate, a rapid change in momentum can occur, resulting in a shock wave as the steam pushes against the water. This phenomenon generates a loud banging noise and can lead to mechanical stress and potential damage to the piping system.

Proper drainage of condensate through the use of traps and ensuring proper steam system design is crucial to prevent this issue. By addressing condensate accumulation effectively, operators can mitigate the risk of water hammer and maintain safe and efficient operation of steam lines.